While making my way around the internet, I noticed a post on Steve Weinberg's blog about efforts to prove that Texas executed an innocent man, specifically Claude Jones.
Now, I've looked into, at least briefly, each of the 450+ Texas executions in the "modern era", and I allowed 60+ of those through my coarse filter for more thorough analysis, but I didn't recall anyone by the name of Claude Jones. So I opened my database, did a quick search, and sure enough: Claude Howard Jones, #239, executed 8 December 2000.
I looked at the score I gave him during my coarse screening. On a scale of 0 to 10, I gave him a zero.
I re-read the summary by the Texas Execution Information Center, and didn't see anything that would cause me to score it other than zero. I was therefore interested to learn how others now intend to prove Claude Jones innocent, though executed. Allow me to first excerpt the case from the Texas Execution Information Center.
In November 1989, Jones entered Zell's liquor store in Point Blank and asked the owner, Allen Hilzendager, to retrieve a bottle for him. As Hilzendager turned to get the bottle, Jones shot him three times with a .357 Magnum revolver. Jones took $900 from the cash register and fled in a getaway vehicle waiting outside. Waiting in the car were Jones' two accomplices, Kerry Daniel Dixon Jr. and Timothy Mark Jordan.
Three days later, the trio robbed a bank in Humble, Texas, obtaining $14,000 in loot. ... About three weeks after the liquor store robbery, Jones was arrested in Florida for bank robbery.
Jones ... had eleven prior convictions in Texas for crimes including murder, armed robbery, assault, and burglary. ... In 1976, he was convicted of murder, robbery, and assault in Kansas and received a life sentence. While in Kansas prison, Jones killed another inmate. He was paroled in 1984.
Kerry Dixon also had a lengthy prior record that included murder and two prison terms.
The evidence at Jones' trial was conclusive. A number of witnesses placed Jones at the scene of the crime, including Leon Goodson, who heard the shots and watched Jones leave the liquor store. A strand of Jones' hair was found at the murder scene. Also, Timothy Jordan testified against his partners in crime.
Jones was convicted of capital murder and received the death sentence. Dixon was convicted of murder and received a 60-year prison term. Jordan received a 10-year prison term.
I should add a little factoid about the murder Claude Jones committed while in Kansas prison. He doused an inmate with lighter fluid and, in the words of his own defense attorney, "torched him."
I'll be shedding no tears for Claude Howard Jones. Now on to the case for his actual innocence. Here's what I've learned.
No witnesses actually "placed Jones at the scene of the crime." Leaon and Wendy Goodson testified only that they saw a man enter the store who appeared to be like Claude Jones. Given that it was night time, and given they were on the other side of the highway, they could not be sure. They were sure, however, that the man was of medium height, middle age, had a pot belly, and was wearing a gray sweatshirt.
Witness Terry Hardin testified that he knew Claude Jones, and the description fit him. Hardin also testified that Jones had been wearing a gray sweatshirt that day. Hardin then conceded the description could also describe Danny Dixon, the other man sentenced for the crime.
So much for the eyewitness identification. Still, there was the testimony of Timothy Jordan.
Timothy Jordan testified that Claude Jones confessed to having committed the robbery and having killed the clerk. There are some difficulties with Jordan's testimony, however. First, the .357 revolver used in the killing belonged to Jordan, not Jones. Second, Jordon was paid for his testimony. (That's not what the prosecution calls it, of course.) Because Timothy Jordon helped Texas nail Claude Jones, Jordan had a separate murder charge dropped, and was sentenced to just 10 years for the robbery during which Jordan murdered that other person.
And that's not quite all. Jordan later recanted his testimony. In a 2004 affidavit, he stated that everything he reported at trial about robbery and killing he learned not from Claude Jones, but from Danny Dixon, the so called getaway driver. "I took a deal because I was scared, and I testified as to what they told me to say."
So much for Timothy Jordan's testimony. But still, there was the matching hair. Except ...
It turns out the hair was a mere 1" segment found near the cash register. The Texas crime lab initially found it so small as to be unsuitable for comparison. They later changed their mind and testified that it microscopically matched Claude Jones, but did not match any of the other 15 people that they knew had been in the store.
So the case ends up resting entirely on that 1" hair segment. Given that microscopic hair matching is notoriously unreliable, the state is not left with much, other than a successful execution. Someone noticed the tenuous nature of this seemingly unquestionable execution, and decided to conduct mitochondrial DNA testing on the hair sample. The county of San Jacinto refuses to allow testing of the hair, and indeed wants to destroy it. (Sound familiar?) So law suits follow, terms such as "writ of mandamus" fly hither and yon, and before too long the court may rule on whether the hair must be turned over for testing, or can be destroyed.
I have generated an Actual Innocence Scorecard for Claude Jones. Based on all the information I now have at hand, I score him at 52. If the hair is allowed to be tested, and the hair matches Danny Dixon, as many people suspect it will, then I will incorporate that information into the scorecard, and Claude Jones' Actual Innocence Score will convert to 100. Texas will have been proven to have executed an innocent man.
Suddenly, the death penalty walls are closing in around Rick Perry. He must neuter the commission set up to investigate the case of Cameron Todd Willingham, he must navigate the tricky waters of Henry Watkins Skinner, and he must pray that a 1" hair segment is never tested, or is proven to belong to the possibly-innocent, but certainly dead Claude Jones.
UPDATE:
Be aware that I have updated this story in Update on The Surprising Case of the Despicable Claude Jones.
UPDATE:
Be aware that I have updated this story in Update on The Surprising Case of the Despicable Claude Jones.
17 comments:
It doesn't really matter whether Jones was "merely" the getaway driver or if he was the shooter. The felony murder rule is followed in Texas. A person is criminally liable for the actions of another if he aids and abets, or conspires with the other. So an accessory to murder - like the getaway driver - is criminally responsible for the actions of the murderer.
I guess I failed to make clear the possibility that Jones was not involved in any fashion. The argument in Jones favor was not that he was the driver rather than the shooter, the argument is that that he was not there at all.
@ Anonymous above: "so an accessory to murder - like the getaway driver..." should be executed?
Testimony can be coerced or bought - whether it's with money or a deal for reduced sentence in an unrelated crime. This guy was a criminal and had killed before, but right now, in my mind - the conviction does hold up to the standard of 'yes, he's guilty beyond a reasonable doubt'.
I have read several articles and blogs about this case. Not once did he ever say he wasnt involve. I am not saying he didnt say it, I am just trying to find out where he claimed to have not been at the crime.
On a side note, how many do you score above zero? Would you be willing to post a graph of your scoring?
Anon,
Good point. I too have failed to find an explanation of where Claude may have been on that night. I assumed he wasn't there, but it's only an assumption. I can't point to any document to back that up.
If he was in the car, and in there for the purpose of aiding an armed robbery, then I would agree he would be guilty of murder, via the law of parties.
So it does make a difference, as you say. Even if the hair is not his, the state could argue he was the getaway driver. That would make this clear cut case even murkier, hinging on a despicable person who might have been involved.
With respect to the scoring, I list them as I complete them. The lastest complete listing is at http://www.skepticaljuror.com/2010/06/last-words-of-johnny-frank-garrett.html. When viewing the list, click on the text to see the article; click on the score to see the score card.
For reference, I started with 450 cases. After running each of them through a coarse filter, I ended up with 60+ that I hope to evaluate with a scorecard. I suspect most of those will be above zero, but I don't know how much. Zero is hard to get, just as 100 is hard to get.
Was Jones wearing a gray sweatshirt that night and have a pot belly? Was only one person seen going into the store or two? Was Jones driving or Dixon?
Right man was executed.
FWIW, Jordan didn't recant, he just cleared up that it was Dixon who told him Jones killed the clerk and not Jones who told him. Dixon was the driver the pickup used in the murder.
The evidence is overwhelming Jones was the killer. The hair is just a freak side show for the uninformed.
Uh....He was not a schoolboy....it is highly unlikely that he was not involved at all....thats a fairytale..the guy was a very bad and sick man...why do we spend so much time in this country trying to make heros of villans and villans of heros.....we are doomed....
John,
I don't believe I suggested he was a schoolboy. Perhaps you missed the Despicable part of the title. He was a indeed a very bad and sick man, and he should never have been released from prison for his many previous crimes. Perhaps we disagree only on whether we should execute people for crimes they didn't commit.
I could care less about this scumbag. He inevitable got his due. I have heard this case being cited for abolishing the D/P. That it doesn't deter crime. Murders and viloent crimes still are committed in spite of the death penalty. My concern is "the unknown quantity". How do we know it is not a deterrent, unless we poll every would be murderer who didn't do it because he was afraid of the D/P. There is no way to know, unless it is really abolished in all 50 states, then re-check the stats after a few years. What if it was found to be a viable deterrent, and many more victims die as a result. Who is responsible then. I understand the system is not perfect, and mistakes in the judicial system convict innocent people. They also release guilty people. I don't have an answer, but I will always support the D/P. Can it be improved? What can't?
I think that Jones was not convicted for the crime at hand. I think his history convicted him. Problem I see is if the judicial system can send you to D.R. and execute with no more evidence than this case has we are all in trouble and at risk. This includes your children, your Mother, Father, sister, brother, friend or foe.
Even though Claude Jones was likely innocent of that 1989 murder for which he was executed in Texas, the state of Kansas should not have paroled him in 1984 for crimes he DID commit whilst he was in that state; the life sentence he received in Kansas meant he should have been in prison at the time the murder of Allen Hilzendager and not free in the state of Texas. So it is partly Kansas authorities' fault as well.
Jones may well not have committed this crime but he did kill two men in Kansas before and served less than 15 years for both. One of these men was my uncle, who was a bad guy himsel, still murder is murder. While I think he shouldn't have been wrongly convicted, he still was present at the crime, in Texas. He wasn't lilly white by any means. I am not a death penalty supporter, but karma is amazing. Had he never been released for the Kansas murders, the Texas murder might never have happened. I'm sure it took the dynamic of the three men to rob the liquor store.
He was there and involved
Exactly
The man had a forty year crime spree and killed before.. in fact killed a man while in prison by pouring gasoline on him and setting him on fire. He was there he killed him the only question was was that his hair ... even though the other guy states he recanted about how he heard or from whom he heard he still lied to try to get off his sentence that was coming which means if he lied then how do you know he is not lying again. The death penalty works more than not or you would have a hell of a lot more people needing it. This guy had no remorse for a span of 40 years of crime and if he was sorry it was only that he got caught. It's not as though this was a case of mistaken identity it in the wrong place st the wrong time... Kansas should have never paroled him --- where was all the concern for my cousins dad? He is the one that missed out on his son growing up his future daughter in law and grandchildren ....
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